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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Association between asthma and changes in brain cortical structure: a Mendelian randomization study.

Yingying Cai1, Hongwei Yang1,2, Xiaohe Ren1

  • 1School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Box142, No. 44 West Culture Road, Lixia District, Jinan, China.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine
|February 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study found no significant link between asthma and overall brain cortical structure. Exploratory findings in specific brain regions did not hold up after further analysis, suggesting more research is needed on asthma and brain changes.

Keywords:
AsthmaCausalityCortexGenome-wide associationMagnetic resonance imagingMendelian randomization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Central nervous system alterations in asthma patients are known.
  • The precise relationship between asthma and brain cortical structure is not well understood.
  • This study investigates the link between asthma and cortical structure changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between asthma and changes in brain cortical structure using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.
  • To leverage large-scale genetic and neuroimaging data for robust analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for asthma (N=408,442).
  • Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables.
  • Analyzed cortical thickness and surface area data from the ENIGMA Consortium (N=51,665).
  • Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method, with MR-Egger and weighted median for sensitivity analyses.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant association was found between asthma and global cortical surface area or thickness.
  • Nominal associations were observed for parahippocampal gyrus surface area and caudal anterior cingulate cortex thickness.
  • These region-specific associations were not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not find a significant association between asthma and global cortical metrics.
  • Exploratory findings in specific brain regions require further investigation.
  • More research is necessary to understand potential neuroanatomical alterations in asthma.