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Environmental Stress Drives Biotic Homogenization and Food-Web Destabilization Across River Basins with Contrasting

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Intensive human activities degrade river ecosystems by simplifying food webs and reducing biodiversity. Protecting freshwater resilience requires focusing on multitrophic networks, not just individual species.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Riverine ecosystems face global degradation due to anthropogenic stressors like land use and water pollution.
  • Understanding how these pressures impact ecological stability and food-web structure is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess multitrophic biodiversity and food-web structure in Chinese river basins under varying anthropogenic impacts.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which environmental stressors destabilize riverine ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding across six trophic groups.
  • Applied a meta-food-web framework to analyze biodiversity and network structure.
  • Compared two river basins with contrasting degradation regimes.

Main Results:

  • High-stress basin showed pervasive biotic homogenization and a simplified food web (increased modularity, reduced nestedness/stability).
  • Stress responses varied by degradation level; lower-stress basin tracked environmental gradients, while high-stress basin showed saturation.
  • Food-web destabilization resulted from indirect stress effects via biodiversity loss and altered network topology.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental stressors degrade riverine ecosystems by impairing multitrophic biodiversity and ecological interactions.
  • Diversity loss and increased predator niche overlap were key drivers of reduced food-web stability and complexity.
  • Conservation must prioritize multitrophic networks for freshwater ecosystem resilience.