Determinants of Prediabetes in Adolescents: Evidence From Indonesia

Prediabetes in adolescents in Indonesia shows an alarming prevalence, indicating the emergence of metabolic risk factors from a young age and underscoring the need to identify the determinants involved. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with prediabetes among Indonesian adolescents. Using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, this study employed a cross-sectional design involving adolescents aged 15-24 who met the specified inclusion criteria, in accordance with the IHS 2023 dataset's definition of adolescent age. A total of 1862 adolescents were included, of which 511 were identified as having prediabetes. Determinants of prediabetes were analysed based on sociodemographic indicators, anthropometric measurements, behavioural factors, and clinical parameters. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with prediabetes in adolescents. This study found that a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) was associated with a lower risk of prediabetes among adolescents, whereas lipid profiles showed a limited association with prediabetes, and higher diastolic blood pressure was consistently associated with prediabetes. These findings emphasise the importance of incorporating BMI, blood pressure monitoring, and advanced biomarkers into adolescent health screening, alongside multicomponent prevention strategies, while advocating for future research to develop adolescent-specific risk models.