Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (CAVIR)-English Version: Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Test for Daily
Kathryn E Lewandowski1,2, Jintian Luo1, Josie Kolstad1
1McLean Hospital Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
Introduction:
Cognition is a common symptom dimension in major mood disorders and is associated with impairments in daily life functioning. Assessments that capture cognitive difficulties reflective of those that people experience in the real world are therefore much needed; however, most cognitive assessments lack ecological validity. A recently developed, fully immersive VR platform for cognitive assessment (CAVIR) has proven to be feasible, well-tolerated, sensitive to cognitive impairment in psychiatric populations, and associated with measures of daily functioning. Here we aimed to assess the validity of a newly developed English language version of CAVIR in people with primary mood disorders (PMD) and controls (HC).
Method:
We enrolled 40 people with PMD including Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder, and 40 healthy controls. Participants were administered the CAVIR, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), symptom ratings, and measures of daily functioning (FAST, UPSA-B).
Results:
Patients scored worse than controls on the CAVIR composite and all subtests (p = 0.02-p < 0.0001), except the executive functioning task (p = 0.85). Comparing the composite and domain scores of CAVIR to their corresponding domains on the MCCB revealed modest to moderate, significant correlations on the composite and all domains except executive functioning. The CAVIR was associated with both performance-based (UPSA-B) and interview rated (FAST) measures of functioning.
Conclusions:
This newly translated English language version of CAVIR performed very similarly to the original version and was sensitive to cognitive impairments in people with PMD. CAVIR composite and most subtests were correlated with an established paper and pencil cognitive battery and were associated with measures of functioning. The CAVIR is self-administered, quick, and requires minimal training, making it a useful tool for assessing cognition.
Related Concept Videos
01:38Cognitive Dissonance
01:29The Influence of Affect on Cognition
01:29The Influence of Cognition on Affect
01:20Virtual Work
In static equilibrium, a body can experience an imaginary or virtual movement, such as displacement or rotation. The virtual work done by a force is equal to the dot product of force and virtual displacement in the direction of the force. When it comes to virtually rotating a...
01:17Classical Conditioning in Daily Life
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
01:13Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving
To apply the principle of virtual work,...