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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
Published on: May 10, 2021
Quantitative functionalization of biosynthetic caged protein materials
Quan Cheng1,2, Xuan Wang1, Xian-En Zhang3,4,5
1College of Life Sciences and Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065 China.
Background:
As one of the representative protein materials, protein nanocages (PNCs) are self-assembled supramolecular structures with multiple advantages, such as good monodispersity, biocompatibility, structural addressability, and facile production. Precise quantitative functionalization is essential to the construction of PNCs with designed purposes.
Results:
With three modifiable interfaces, the interior surface, outer surface, and interfaces between building blocks, PNCs can serve as an ideal platform for precise multi-functionalization studies and applications. This review summarizes the currently available methods for precise quantitative functionalization of PNCs and highlights the significance of precise quantitative control in fabricating PNC-based materials or devices. These methods can be categorized into three groups, genetic, chemical, and combined modification.
Conclusion:
This review would be constructive for those who work with biosynthetic PNCs in diverse fields.
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