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Community-based breeding programs for sheep in Ethiopia: Performance evidence for scaling up.

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Community-based breeding programs (CBBP) in Ethiopia enhance sheep productivity and reproduction through farmer-led selection. Genetic gains are evident, but challenges in data and coordination require innovative solutions for sustainable smallholder development.

Keywords:
Community-based breedingEthiopiagenetic gaingenetic parametersindigenous sheep

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Agricultural Science
  • Development Studies

Background:

  • Community-based breeding programs (CBBP) are participatory strategies empowering farmers in sheep genetic improvement.
  • Ethiopia's low-input systems benefit from CBBPs focusing on indigenous breeds like Bonga and Horro sheep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the implementation, performance, and optimization of sheep CBBPs in Ethiopia.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of CBBPs in enhancing productivity and adaptation in smallholder systems.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of CBBPs in Ethiopia from 2001-2025.
  • Analysis of phenotypic and pedigree data for breeding value estimation and selection.
  • Synthesis of reported genetic gains and heritability estimates.

Main Results:

  • Moderate to high heritability for key traits in CBBP populations, especially Bonga sheep.
  • Measurable genetic gains in 6-month weight (0.11-0.21 kg/year) and improved reproductive traits (litter size).
  • Confirmation of selective breeding's effectiveness in enhancing productivity without compromising local adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • CBBPs demonstrate effectiveness in improving Ethiopian sheep productivity and reproduction.
  • Challenges include data fragmentation, estimation errors, and coordination issues.
  • Integrating data recording, meta-analysis, mobile/genomic tools, and market linkages is crucial for scaling CBBPs.