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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres
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Turns and Downturns in Aging Drivers.

Marie Hardt1, Guillermo Basulto-Elias2, Heike Hofmann3

  • 1Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr., Ames IA 50011, USA.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|February 12, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults with cognitive decline may avoid left turns while driving. This driving behavior, detected by in-vehicle sensors, could signal early cognitive impairment and help maintain independence.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseCognitive declineDigital behavioral markersLeft-turning behaviorMild cognitive impairmentNaturalistic driving studyOlder drivers

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Transportation Safety

Background:

  • Cognitive decline in older adults can impact driving abilities.
  • Self-regulation strategies, like avoiding left turns, may occur but are often unreported.
  • Naturalistic driving data offers insights into real-world driving behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cognitive status changes and left-turn frequency in older drivers.
  • To determine if left-turn avoidance is a behavioral indicator of cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • 106 older adults were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up using neuropsychological tests.
  • In-vehicle sensors passively recorded driving behavior over 12 weeks.
  • Mixed-effects logistic regression analyzed the relationship between cognitive status changes and left-turn frequency.

Main Results:

  • A total of 295,112 turns were analyzed.
  • Greater cognitive impairment at follow-up was significantly associated with reduced odds of making left turns (OR = 0.984, P = .037).
  • This suggests left-turn avoidance may be a marker for cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Left-turn avoidance in older drivers may serve as an early behavioral sign of cognitive decline.
  • Passive driving data can potentially detect functional changes, aiding timely interventions.
  • Further research is required to establish clinical thresholds for monitoring left-turn frequency trends.