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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
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High-throughput quantitative assessment of ABA-responsive elements at single-nucleotide resolution.

Fangnan Sun1, Yaxin Deng1, Weihua Zhao1

  • 1Department of Plant Science School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China.

Quantitative Biology (Beijing, China)
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Single-nucleotide changes in abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) significantly impact gene expression. Core sequence alterations are more influential than flank variations, offering insights for designing plant promoters.

Keywords:
STARR‐seqabscisic acid responsive elementcis‐regulatory elementenhancersynthetic promoter

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Plant Biotechnology

Background:

  • Abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) are crucial cis-regulatory sequences controlling ABA-induced gene expression in plants.
  • Understanding how sequence variations within ABREs affect their function is essential for precise gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively evaluate the impact of single-nucleotide substitutions on ABRE activity.
  • To map ABRE activity at single-nucleotide resolution to guide the design of ABA-responsive promoters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synthetic STARR-seq (Self-Transcribing Activated Regulatory Region sequencing) to measure ABRE activity.
  • Assessed the effects of nucleotide substitutions in both the ACGT-core and ACGT-flank regions of ABREs.

Main Results:

  • Nucleotide substitutions in both core and flank regions of ABREs demonstrably altered transcriptional strength.
  • Alterations within the ACGT-core sequence exerted a more substantial impact on ABRE activity compared to changes in the flanking regions.
  • Highly active ACGT-flank variants showed specific downstream sequence preferences, while highly active core variants displayed diverse sequence patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Provided a quantitative, single-nucleotide resolution map of ABRE activity.
  • Findings facilitate the rational design of plant promoters with tailored ABA responsiveness for agricultural and research applications.