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A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

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Enteric nervous system in microbiota-associated gut inflammation.

Cen Yang^1,2, Xuping Lan², Huijie Zhong²

¹Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|February 12, 2026

Summary

The enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut microbiota interact to influence gut health and inflammation. This review explores their complex relationship in intestinal inflammation.

Keywords:

gut inflammation immune cells intestinal microbiota intestinal nerves microbial dysbiosis

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Area of Science:

Neurogastroenterology
Microbiome research
Immunology

Background:

The enteric nervous system (ENS) autonomously controls gut functions and interacts with immune cells.
The gut microbiota and its metabolites impact mucosal integrity and inflammation.
The ENS is constantly exposed to signals from the gut microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the intricate interplay between the ENS and gut microbiota.
To examine their roles in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on ENS-microbiota interactions.
Analysis of mechanisms linking microbiota, ENS, and immune responses.

Main Results:

Gut microbiota influences ENS development, repair, and function.
Microbiota-derived signals modulate immune responses within the gut.
Dysbiosis can contribute to ENS dysfunction and inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

The ENS and gut microbiota are critical components in maintaining gut homeostasis.
Understanding their interplay is key to developing therapies for intestinal inflammation.