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Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Alter Brain Responses to Reward-Related Cues? A Systematic Review.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may reduce brain responses to food cues, but more research is needed. Current studies on these diabetes drugs for substance use disorders are limited and show inconsistent results.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are used for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  • Their potential in treating substance use disorders (SUD) is under investigation.
  • Central mechanisms of GLP-1 RA effects on reward circuits are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies.
  • To examine how GLP-1 RAs affect brain responses to reward-related cues.
  • To clarify central mechanisms of GLP-1 RAs in reward-seeking behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search identifying 1,209 records.
  • Screening and eligibility assessment, resulting in 11 included studies.
  • Analysis of fMRI data on brain reactivity to reward cues.

Main Results:

  • Most studies focused on food cues; only one examined drug cues (alcohol).
  • Neural mechanisms for SUD remain largely unexplored.
  • Limited evidence suggests acute GLP-1 RA may reduce reactivity to food cues in reward regions, but effects are inconsistent and may decrease over time.

Conclusions:

  • Current fMRI research on GLP-1 RAs and reward cue reactivity is limited, particularly for SUD.
  • Methodological limitations include small sample sizes, varied treatment protocols, and medication heterogeneity.
  • Future research requires larger samples, standardized methods, and diverse stimulus assessment.