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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
15:08

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Published on: September 20, 2012

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Harnessing Dynamic Metal-Oxide Interfaces for Durably Active Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis.

Yuefei Cui1, Liang Chang1, Xiangyu You2

  • 1Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal oxide interfaces in fuel cells exhibit dynamic "breathing" behavior, enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability. This strategy overcomes the trade-off between catalyst performance and durability.

Keywords:
dynamic evolutionselectrocatalysisfuel cellsmetal/oxide interfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Metal-oxide interfaces significantly influence electrocatalyst performance.
  • Understanding the dynamic behavior of these interfaces under operational conditions is crucial.
  • A persistent challenge is balancing catalyst activity with long-term stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic interface behavior in MOx/Pt systems during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • To explore how dynamic interfaces can overcome the activity-stability trade-off in fuel cell catalysts.
  • To demonstrate a generalizable strategy for enhancing both activity and durability.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of well-defined platinum (Pt) octahedra decorated with ultrathin p-block metal oxide (MOx) overlayers.
  • Electrochemical testing under varying potentials to study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • Analysis of interface evolution and its correlation with catalytic performance and stability.

Main Results:

  • A dynamic,
  • breathing
  • interface behavior was observed in MOx/Pt (M = In, Sn, Sb) systems.
  • Reducing potentials formed oxygen-deficient M-Pt interfaces, boosting ORR activity (In-Pt > Sn-Pt ~ Sb-Pt) via charge transfer.
  • Oxidizing potentials generated oxygen-enriched M-O-Pt structures, suppressing Pt dissolution and enhancing durability, especially with SnOx.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing dynamic metal-oxide interfaces is a novel and generalizable strategy for improving electrocatalysts.
  • This approach effectively breaks the activity-stability trade-off for various Pt and Pt-bimetallic catalysts.
  • Demonstrated success in InSnOx-decorated PtCo catalysts highlights the broad applicability.