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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Autonomic Nervous System01:22

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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Quantitative Autonomic Testing
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Autonomic Dysfunction in Gastroduodenal Disorders Evaluated Through Multimodal Non-Invasive Physiological Testing.

Chris Varghese1,2, Wendy Zhou3, Armen Gharibans1,4,5

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autonomic dysfunction independently predicts delayed gastric emptying in gastroparesis, revealing a distinct mechanism from gastric myoelectrical issues. This finding highlights the importance of autonomic profiling in understanding chronic gastroduodenal symptoms.

Keywords:
autonomic dysfunctionbody surface gastric mappingelectrogastrographygastroparesis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Chronic gastroduodenal disorders are common and complex.
  • The role of autonomic dysfunction in these disorders is not fully understood.
  • This study investigates autonomic dysfunction's contribution to gastroduodenal pathophysiology and symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the contribution of autonomic dysfunction in gastroduodenal disorders.
  • To identify symptom associations related to autonomic dysfunction.
  • To determine if multimodal testing reveals distinct patient subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational cohort study of 80 patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms.
  • Utilized expert-led autonomic evaluation, body surface gastric mapping (BSGM), and gastric emptying scintigraphy.
  • Applied standard criteria for BSGM phenotyping, gastric emptying, and autonomic function.

Main Results:

  • Gastroparesis diagnosed in 33.8% of patients.
  • Autonomic dysfunction found in 26.3% and abnormal BSGM in 25%.
  • Autonomic dysfunction independently predicted delayed gastric emptying (OR 13.8) and correlated with worse postprandial distress.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is a distinct mechanism in gastroparesis, separate from gastric myoelectrical impairment.
  • Autonomic dysfunction impacts postprandial gastric motor response and symptom burden.
  • Multimodal testing, including autonomic profiling, identifies distinct mechanistic subgroups in gastroduodenal disorders.