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Time-Engineered Hydrothermal Nb2O5 Nanostructures for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Rutuja U Amate1, Mrunal K Bhosale1, Aviraj M Teli2
1School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 12, 2026
Summary
Hydrothermal synthesis time controls niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanostructures for supercapacitors. Optimized 12-hour synthesis yields high capacitance, fast kinetics, and excellent stability for advanced energy storage.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Precise control over nanostructure evolution is crucial for optimizing pseudocapacitive material performance.
- Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) is a promising material for energy storage applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of hydrothermal reaction duration on Nb2O5 nanostructure development.
- To correlate structural and morphological properties with electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of Nb2O5 nanostructures via a time-engineered hydrothermal route (6, 12, 18 h).
- Structural and morphological characterization using advanced analytical techniques.
- Electrochemical evaluation of supercapacitor performance, including capacitance, kinetics, and cycling stability.
Main Results:
- Phase-pure monoclinic Nb2O5 with stable Nb5+ oxidation state was formed.
- A 12 h reaction time yielded hierarchical architectures with interconnected porosity, enhancing ion diffusion and surface exposure.
- The NbO-12 electrode exhibited high areal capacitance (5.504 F cm-2 at 8 mA cm-2), fast kinetics, low resistance, and 85.73% capacitance retention over 12,000 cycles.
- An asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrated a 1.5 V stable window and an energy density of 0.101 mWh cm-2.
Conclusions:
- Hydrothermal reaction-time engineering is an effective strategy for tailoring Nb2O5 nanostructures.
- Optimized Nb2O5 nanostructures offer significant potential for high-performance pseudocapacitive electrodes in advanced energy storage systems.
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