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Alcohol Sensing Behavior and Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of g-C3N4 Nanosheets
Cong Doan Bui1, Svetlana Nalimova1, Valery Kondratev2,3
1Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Professora Popova St. 5, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 12, 2026
Summary
Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets show promise for gas sensing applications. Their performance in detecting isopropanol and ethanol improves with higher temperatures and concentrations, driven by electron transfer mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Chemical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (2D g-C3N4) is a metal-free semiconductor with potential for gas sensing due to its layered structure, high surface area, and tunable electronic properties.
- Developing efficient and sensitive gas sensors is crucial for environmental monitoring and safety applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets for gas sensing.
- To investigate the gas sensing performance of 2D g-C3N4 towards volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- To elucidate the sensing mechanism using impedance spectroscopy.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets via thermal polycondensation of urea followed by ultrasonic exfoliation.
- Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy.
- Gas sensing measurements at varying operating temperatures and gas concentrations.
- Impedance spectroscopy analysis.
Main Results:
- XRD confirmed the crystallographic planes of g-C3N4.
- SEM revealed a nanosheet morphology with a 10-nm crystallite size and uniform C/N distribution.
- UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated a band gap of 2.8 eV.
- Gas sensing tests showed increased response to isopropanol and ethanol with rising temperature and concentration.
- Impedance spectroscopy revealed that charge transfer resistance (Rct) decreased with isopropanol exposure, indicating adsorption-induced electron transfer.
Conclusions:
- 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets are successfully synthesized and exhibit promising gas sensing capabilities.
- The sensing mechanism is attributed to adsorption-induced electron transfer, significantly influenced by operating conditions.
- This study highlights the potential of 2D g-C3N4 as a sensitive material for detecting VOCs.
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