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Lactic Acid Bacteria Postbiotics as Adjunctives to Glioblastoma Therapy to Fight Treatment Escape and Protect

Pola Głowacka^1,2, Agnieszka Pudlarz¹, Joanna Wasiak^1,2

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.

|February 12, 2026

Abstract:

Despite tremendous scientific efforts aimed at glioblastoma's (GB) ability to escape therapeutic attempts, the concern remains unsolved. Postbiotics, metabolites, and macromolecules of probiotic bacteria could become adjuvant therapeutics both dealing with cellular events constituting tumor therapy escape mechanisms and protecting normal cells from therapy-induced damage. The study aims to evaluate the dual potential of postbiotics obtained from lactic acid bacteria, L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus, on patient-derived and commercially available GB and normal cells alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic and irradiation oncotreatment regimens. Postbiotic mixtures (PMs) show cytoprotective potential against a new anti-cancer agent-ARA12-on astrocytes and cytoprotective action to irradiated normal fibroblast cells. Although GB cells' apoptotic response varied between patient-derived cells, both PMs exert cytotoxic or cytostatic effects alone and, in most of the studied therapeutic combinations, on all tested GB cell lines. In particular, L. plantarum PM alleviates treatment escape, possibly shifting the tumor drug response from senescence to apoptosis. The results suggest that postbiotic-based adjunctive treatment could potentiate the therapeutic effect toward neoplastic cells, while alleviating chemotherapy's adverse effects, helping clinicians to tackle the issue of therapy resistance and improve patients' comfort.

Insights

Postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria show potential as glioblastoma (GB) adjuvants. They can kill GB cells and protect normal cells from chemotherapy and radiation damage, improving treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Microbiology
Pharmacology

Background:

Glioblastoma (GB) poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its resistance mechanisms.
Postbiotics, derived from probiotics, offer potential as novel therapeutic agents.
Their dual role in targeting cancer cells and protecting normal tissues is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of postbiotic mixtures (PMs) from *L. plantarum* and *L. rhamnosus* against glioblastoma.
To assess the cytoprotective effects of PMs on normal cells during oncological treatments.
To determine the synergistic potential of PMs with chemotherapy and irradiation.

Main Methods:

Utilized patient-derived and commercial glioblastoma cell lines and normal human cells (astrocytes, fibroblasts).
Administered postbiotic mixtures (PMs) alone and in combination with chemotherapy (ARA12) and irradiation.
Assessed cytotoxic, cytostatic, and apoptotic effects on cancer cells and cytoprotective effects on normal cells.

Main Results:

PMs exhibited cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on glioblastoma cells, varying by cell line.
PMs demonstrated cytoprotective potential against a new anti-cancer agent (ARA12) in astrocytes.
PMs protected normal fibroblast cells from radiation-induced damage.
*L. plantarum* PM potentially shifted glioblastoma cell response from senescence to apoptosis, aiding in overcoming treatment escape.

Conclusions:

Postbiotic-based adjunctive treatments show promise in potentiating anti-cancer effects against glioblastoma.
PMs may alleviate chemotherapy-induced adverse effects, enhancing patient comfort.
This approach could help overcome therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma treatment.

Read full analysis

Keywords:

chemotherapy glioblastoma lactic acid bacteria postbiotics radiotherapy senescence

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