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Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
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Evaluating Osteoarthritis Severity in Mice Using μCT-Derived Geometric Indices.

Churou Tang1, Chutamath Sittplangkoon1, Cheng Xiang1

  • 1Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Biology
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New micro-CT geometric indices accurately assess osteoarthritis (OA) severity in mouse models. These validated metrics, including femoral and tibial ratios, show high reproducibility for post-traumatic OA (PTOA) and age-related OA (AROA).

Keywords:
geometric indicesmicro-computed tomographyosteoarthritisquantitative indexstructural parameter

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis relies heavily on imaging, but precise assessment in murine models remains challenging.
  • Developing accurate and reproducible methods to evaluate OA severity in preclinical studies is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and testing therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish micro-computed tomography (μCT)-based geometric indices for assessing disease severity in post-traumatic OA (PTOA) and age-related OA (AROA) mouse models.
  • To validate the reproducibility and utility of these indices in quantifying OA progression and therapeutic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Medial meniscectomy (MMS) was performed on adult C57BL/6 mice to induce PTOA.
  • μCT imaging was used to measure distal femoral and tibial secondary ossification center (IIOC) geometric parameters.
  • Geometric indices, including width-to-length ratios, were calculated and compared between OA-induced and contralateral normal joints.
  • Bland-Altman analysis assessed interrater reproducibility, and histological analysis validated μCT findings.
  • Age-related OA (AROA) was assessed in 28-month-old mice.

Main Results:

  • MMS significantly increased distal femoral width-to-length ratio and decreased tibial IIOC height-to-width ratio, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy (AUC=1.0).
  • These geometric indices exhibited strong interrater reproducibility (ICC > 0.85).
  • MMS-induced changes were attenuated in mice lacking GM-CSF, a key OA mediator.
  • Similar geometric index alterations were observed in AROA models, along with enlarged patella and calcified synovium-capsule.

Conclusions:

  • μCT-based geometric indices provide a reliable, quantifiable method for assessing OA severity in murine models.
  • These metrics are valuable for evaluating therapeutic interventions in PTOA and AROA.
  • Further investigation is needed to confirm the applicability of these indices to milder forms of OA.