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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Published on: October 1, 2019

Photoinduced Phase Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskites: Mechanisms, Suppression Strategies, and Device

Gengchen Hu¹, Jiawei Zhang², Yonglei Xing¹

¹State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|February 12, 2026

Summary

Photoinduced phase segregation (PIPS) in perovskite solar cells causes ion issues. This review organizes PIPS research, models, and device-level solutions for improved solar cell stability and performance.

Keywords:

device performance optimization mixed halide perovskites multi-dimensional synergy effect phase stability optimization photoinduced phase segregation

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaics

Background:

Mixed-halide perovskite solar cells face challenges from photoinduced phase segregation (PIPS).
PIPS leads to uneven ion distribution, negatively impacting device performance and stability.
Existing research lacks a systematic organization of PIPS methodologies and models.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and organize the evolution of PIPS research.
To analyze interrelationships among different PIPS models and their solutions.
To integrate PIPS implications at the complete solar cell device level and discuss suppression strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PIPS.
Analysis of fundamental thin-film properties and their impact on solar cell operation.
Examination of device-level PIPS implications and suppression strategies.

Main Results:

Chronological evolution of PIPS research from thin films to complete devices.
Synthesis of prevalent PIPS models, their logical frameworks, and interconnections.
Identification of device-level strategies for PIPS suppression.

Conclusions:

A systematic organization of PIPS research is established, bridging mechanistic gaps.
Co-optimization of phase stability and defect passivation is crucial for next-generation perovskite photovoltaics.
This review provides a comprehensive perspective on PIPS for future research and development.