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Prophage: agent provocateur?

Berna Erdogdu1,2, Senanur Dokuz1, Elif Sarigode3

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Temperate bacteriophages, often overlooked, engage in complex symbiotic or hostile interactions with bacteria. This review explores their lysogenic cycle, revealing their dual role in bacterial evolution and human health.

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Active lysogenyBacteriophagesLysogenic conversionLysogeny mechanistic diversityPhage genomicsTemperate phages

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Bacterial Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages significantly influence bacterial evolution, pathogenesis, and biology.
  • Temperate phages, distinct from lytic phages, form stable lysogenic relationships with hosts.
  • Traditional views have historically excluded temperate phages from extensive study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the lysogenic life cycle of temperate bacteriophages.
  • To analyze the phage-bacteria-human interactions from multiple perspectives.
  • To challenge classical interpretations of prophage roles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the lysogenic cycle.
  • Analysis of temperate phage interactions with bacterial hosts.
  • Evaluation of temperate phage impact on human health.

Main Results:

  • Temperate phages exhibit a complex lysogenic cycle, not merely a passive host interaction.
  • These phages can display symbiotic relationships or hostile behavior towards bacteria.
  • Prophages possess a dual nature, offering advantages while harboring destructive potential.

Conclusions:

  • Temperate phages play a multifaceted role in bacterial evolution and biology.
  • Their intricate effects on human health warrant further investigation.
  • Re-evaluating the classical perspective on prophages is essential.