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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

In Vitro Method to Study Sex-Based Differences in Conjunctival Goblet Cells
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Sex differences in human brain dynamics assessed with edge functional connectivity.

Anna Rose DiPentima1, Robert G Lyday1, Paul J Laurienti1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Brain Imaging and Behavior
|February 12, 2026
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Summary

Males exhibit less frequent brain network dynamic alterations than females during rest. This sex/gender difference in brain network dynamics persists even after accounting for age and total brain volume.

Keywords:
Brain network dynamicsEdge connectivityFunctional connectivitySex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Human Connectome Project

Background:

  • Sex/gender differences in brain structure and function are well-documented.
  • Many observed brain differences are methodologically sensitive or disappear when controlling for total brain volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex/gender differences in brain network dynamics during resting state.
  • To analyze functional connectivity patterns in a large cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional connectivity data from the Human Connectome Project (N=1024).
  • Analyzed whole-brain network dynamics using edge functional connectivity, focusing on peak heights and trough durations.
  • Examined network dynamics within the default mode network.

Main Results:

  • Males demonstrated less frequent alterations in whole-brain network dynamics compared to females.
  • These differences were consistent across various measures of peak heights and trough durations.
  • Longer trough durations were observed in males, while higher peak heights were noted in females within the default mode network, even after controlling for age and brain volume.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary evidence suggests sex/gender-related differences in brain network dynamics during resting state.
  • Further research into brain dynamics under various conditions is warranted to elucidate these findings.