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  1. Home
  3. Using The Environment To Predict Memory Performance.
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Using the environment to predict memory performance.

John R Anderson1, Shawn Betts1, Jon M Fincham1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|February 12, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory recall speed closely matches natural information patterns. A new algorithm predicts memory performance based on environmental probabilities, improving continuous recognition experiment analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Information Science

Background:

  • Information presentation in memory experiments often differs from natural environments.
  • Previous research indicates similarities in information patterns across diverse natural settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between environmental probability of information occurrence and memory recognition fluency.
  • To develop and validate a generalized algorithm for predicting continuous recognition memory performance based on environmental probabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Continuous recognition task with word order mirroring real-world data (tweets).
  • Experiment 2: Testing a generalized prediction algorithm across natural, random, and spaced presentation orders.
  • Application of the algorithm to an existing continuous recognition paradigm.

Main Results:

  • Recognition fluency (inverse efficiency) strongly correlated with the environmental probability of word occurrence.
  • The reciprocal square-root law accurately predicted memory performance.
  • The generalized prediction algorithm successfully predicted results across different presentation orders.

Conclusions:

  • Memory performance is significantly influenced by the natural probability of information encountered in the environment.
  • A generalized algorithm can predict continuous recognition memory performance from environmental probabilities.
  • Further research is needed to broadly apply environmental analyses to memory performance prediction.