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Distribution and work patterns of PhD-qualified professionals across urban and rural Australia: Spatial mapping using
Karen Hayes1, Susan Heaney2, Michelle Kersten2
1School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia.
Work (Reading, Mass.)
|February 12, 2026
Summary
Australia
Area of Science:
- Health Workforce Distribution
- Rural Health Research
- Demographics of PhD Holders
Background:
- Rural Australians face health disparities due to complex factors.
- Skilled researchers in rural communities are crucial for addressing these challenges.
- The distribution and characteristics of PhD-qualified professionals in rural Australia are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the distribution of Australia's PhD-qualified workforce across different remoteness levels.
- To identify the current state of rural/urban research workforce distribution and characteristics.
- To inform strategies for improving rural health outcomes through workforce development.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 2021 Australian Census data for individuals with doctoral degrees (PhD).
- Analyzed data based on Modified Monash Model (MM) levels of remoteness.
- Examined variables including location, sex, age, industry, sector, income, and work hours.
Main Results:
- 85% of PhD holders are in cities (MM1), with declining numbers in more remote areas.
- Public sector employment decreases with remoteness; private sector dominates in medium rural towns (MM4-7).
- Gender distribution shifts from male-dominated in urban areas to female-dominated in remote areas; income and stable employment decrease with remoteness.
Conclusions:
- Investment in the rural and remote PhD-qualified workforce is needed to improve rural health.
- Addressing precarious employment, lower incomes, and underrepresentation in the public sector is essential.
- A strategic approach to rural research workforce development is required to address health inequities.
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