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Aging does not affect the relationship between OCT and clinical or MRI outcome measures
S Kaçar1, Julia R Jelgerhuis2, J Killestein1
1MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|February 12, 2026
Summary
Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness are significantly associated with MRI and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). These associations remain consistent and largely independent of age in MS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Ophthalmology
- Radiology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) neurodegeneration overlaps with normal aging processes.
- Statistical age correction in MS research may not fully isolate disease-specific changes from aging effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of age on the relationship between retinal measures (RNFL, GCIPL) and MRI/clinical outcomes in MS.
- To determine if age-related changes confound the associations between retinal structure and MS disease markers.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of two MS cohorts: a birth-year matched cohort (Project Y) and an age-heterogeneous cohort (PrograMS).
- Utilized multilevel linear regression models to assess cross-sectional associations, adjusting for relevant covariates.
- Included age as a covariate in the heterogeneous cohort analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant associations were found between RNFL/GCIPL thickness and MRI measures (brain, white matter, lesion, thalamus volumes) and clinical outcomes (EDSS, SDMT) in both cohorts.
- Effect sizes varied, but the direction of associations remained consistent across cohorts.
- Including age as a covariate did not substantially alter the observed associations between retinal measures and MRI/clinical outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness show significant cross-sectional associations with key MRI and clinical indicators in MS.
- These associations demonstrate consistent directionality across different MS cohorts.
- The observed relationships between retinal measures and MS outcomes appear largely independent of age.
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