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Poultry Proteus mirabilis in selected areas of Hunan, China: Resistance profiles and virulence genes

Kuihao Liu1, Hui Wang2, Zhibin Niu2

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi Province, China.

Poultry Science
|February 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Poultry-derived Proteus mirabilis in Hunan shows high multidrug resistance (MDR) and carries numerous resistance, virulence, and metal-tolerance genes. This highlights food-safety concerns and the need for control strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Safety
  • Veterinary Science

Background:

  • Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen found in poultry, posing food safety risks.
  • Understanding its prevalence and genetic makeup in food chains is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of P. mirabilis in chickens.
  • To analyze antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes, virulence factors, and metal tolerance.
  • To provide data for control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 1,679 chicken cloacal swabs in Hunan Province.
  • Isolated and identified 192 P. mirabilis strains.
  • Performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) on 118 isolates.
  • Screened for specific resistance, virulence, and metal-tolerance genes using molecular methods.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of P. mirabilis was 11.44%.
  • Multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 72.0%, with high resistance to SXT, AMP, CIP, and GEN.
  • Carbapenem resistance genes (blaNDM-1) and vanA were detected.
  • High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (qnrA, aac(6')-Ib-cr) and integron markers.
  • Copper-tolerance genes (copB, pcoA) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Chicken-derived P. mirabilis in Hunan exhibits significant MDR.
  • The isolates carry a concerning combination of resistance, virulence, and metal-tolerance genes.
  • Findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures in poultry production.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistancePoultryProteus mirabilisVirulence genes

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