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Criminal legal system involvement before age 18 is linked to adult functional limitations. Juvenile facility incarceration indirectly impacts limitations, while adult facility incarceration directly affects them, often via healthcare access.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Criminal legal system (CLS) involvement before age 18 may lead to long-term functional limitations in adulthood.
  • Limited healthcare access during early adulthood is a potential pathway for these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CLS involvement before 18 and adult functional limitations.
  • To examine direct and indirect effects of CLS involvement on functional limitations, considering healthcare access.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N=8961).
  • Measured CLS involvement (no contact, arrest, juvenile incarceration, adult incarceration) before age 18.
  • Assessed functional limitations and healthcare access (insurance, doctor visits).
  • Employed Structural Equation Modeling to analyze direct and indirect effects.

Main Results:

  • 14% arrested, 2% juvenile incarceration, 1% adult incarceration before 18.
  • Juvenile incarceration linked to lower healthcare access.
  • Adult incarceration linked to higher functional limitations.
  • Higher healthcare access correlated with higher functional limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Juvenile facility incarceration before 18 indirectly increases adult functional limitations.
  • Adult facility incarceration before 18 directly increases adult functional limitations.
  • Healthcare access plays a role in the relationship between CLS involvement and functional limitations.