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P-bodies act as dynamic control hubs for RNA processing and storage.

Matthew Wenjie Feng1, Amir Mossanen-Parsi1, Viktoras Stonys1

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
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Processing bodies (PBs) act as mRNA triage sites during nutrient stress. They dynamically store and regulate mRNA fate, influencing cellular adaptation and survival.

Keywords:
RNA decayRNA storageglucose starvationprocessing body (P-body)translationyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Processing bodies (PBs) are cytoplasmic granules involved in mRNA metabolism.
  • Their precise role in cellular stress response, particularly mRNA storage versus decay, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic localization and fate of mRNAs within PBs during glucose depletion in yeast.
  • To differentiate the roles of PBs in mRNA decay and storage under stress conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SH-linked alkylation for metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq) to track newly synthesized and pre-existing RNAs.
  • Analyzed global mRNA fate and PB localization kinetics during induced glucose starvation in yeast.

Main Results:

  • Pre-existing mRNAs exhibit diverse localization kinetics within PBs during glucose starvation.
  • A subset of transcripts transiently localizes to PBs, aligning with a decay role, but most are not destabilized.
  • Many transcripts, both pre-existing and newly synthesized, accumulate in PBs, suggesting a storage function for adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • PBs function as dynamic triage sites, directing mRNA fate based on cellular stress.
  • The study proposes a model where PBs partition mRNAs into distinct classes with differential fates during nutrient stress.
  • PBs play a crucial role in cellular adaptation by managing mRNA populations under stress.