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Advances in ultrasound-assisted starch modification: Parameter optimization, structure-property relationships, and
Xining He1, Liang Lyu2, Yawen Luo1
1Research Center for Natural Medicine and Chemical Metrology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China; College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Abstract:
Ultrasound-assisted starch modification has emerged as a promising green and efficient physical approach to improve the functionality of native starches. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in this field, emphasizing the optimization of ultrasonic parameters, structure-property correlations, and synergistic modification strategies. Ultrasonication induces cavitation and mechanical shear effects that disrupt starch crystalline regions, alter granule morphology, and increase specific surface area, resulting in enhanced solubility, hydrophilicity, and functional performance. The relationships between ultrasonic power, duration, temperature, and starch concentration and their effects on structural and physicochemical changes-such as crystallinity, thermal stability, rheology, and digestibility-are critically analyzed. Synergistic modification strategies combining ultrasound with enzymatic, chemical, or thermal treatments are also discussed, highlighting their potential to achieve controllable structural tailoring and improved efficiency. Finally, the review provides insights into current challenges and future prospects for industrial-scale applications of ultrasound-assisted starch modification, focusing on the development of intelligent, energy-efficient, and sustainable technologies for advanced starch-based materials.
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