Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Assessing Disaster Resilience of Concrete with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Published on: November 14, 2025
Valorisation of titanium dioxide waste: enhanced polyferric sulfate production via iron, titanium, and calcium
Chenglin Liu1, Xinyang Xu1, Huaiting Qin1
1National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
The titanium dioxide industry generates 6-8 tons of impure FeSO4·H2O per ton of TiO2, creating serious environmental and economic problems. This work presents a novel method to valorise this waste into high-performance polyferric sulfate (PFS) coagulants. A key innovation is using iron powder to simultaneously neutralise free acid (16.32%) and enrich iron content. Under optimal conditions (Fe/FeSO₄·H₂O molar ratio = 0.24), the solid PFS product contained 20.33% total iron with 16.63% basicity and achieved 80.20% turbidity removal. Modification with titanium oxysulfate (Ti/Fe = 0.4) improved removal to 92.1%, while calcium modification (Ca/Fe = 0.01) reached 91.25% at lower cost. Characterisation confirmed Ti⁴⁺ incorporation and formation of Ti-O-Ti/Ca-O bonds, enhancing coagulation. This waste-to-resource strategy reduces production costs by 25-35% compared to conventional methods, offering an economically viable circular economy solution for the TiO₂ industry.
Related Concept Videos
Histone Modification
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
Histone Modification
Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
Writers
The writer...
Carbon-dioxide Fixation
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...

