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This study introduces a novel nanochannel sensor using supersandwich DNA aptamers for enhanced toxic contaminant detection. The sensor achieves superior specificity by leveraging DNA conformational changes for improved real-world water sample analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biosensing
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Solid-state nanochannel sensors offer high sensitivity for toxic contaminant detection.
  • Specificity enhancement and its underlying mechanisms are critical but often overlooked research areas.
  • Existing methods struggle with differentiating structurally similar contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual-side modified nanochannel sensor with enhanced specificity for toxic contaminant detection.
  • To investigate the mechanism of specificity enhancement using supersandwich DNA aptamers.
  • To create a portable, on-site detection method for real-world water samples.

Main Methods:

  • In situ growth of Cu-TCPP metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannels.
  • Functionalization of nanochannels with supersandwich structured DNA (SSW-DNA) aptamer probes.
  • Ionic current measurements to assess sensor performance and specificity for microcystin variants.

Main Results:

  • The SSW-DNA@MOFs nanochannel sensor exhibited significantly improved specificity for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) over microcystin-RR (MC-RR) compared to ssDNA@MOFs.
  • Ionic current variation rates showed a greater discrepancy when sensing MC-LR vs. MC-RR with SSW-DNA@MOFs (48.20% vs. 10.60%) than with ssDNA@MOFs (15.15% vs. 9.44%).
  • The enhanced specificity is attributed to a distinct conformational change in the SSW-DNA probe upon target binding, leading to a larger change in surface-charge density at the real first interface.

Conclusions:

  • Supersandwich DNA aptamer functionalization effectively enhances nanochannel sensor specificity.
  • The conformational change of SSW-DNA probes at the real first interface is key to improving detection specificity.
  • The developed portable nanochannel sensor shows potential for on-site detection of toxic contaminants in complex environmental samples.