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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
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Morphodynamics of surface-attached active drops.

Alejandro Martínez-Calvo1,2,3, Sujit S Datta4,5

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Active drops, unlike passive suspensions, exhibit complex behaviors due to active stresses and boundary interactions. This study reveals diverse stable shapes and flows in surface-attached active drops, offering design principles for new materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Biological and synthetic systems often consist of oriented, actively-moving components.
  • Active suspensions exhibit unique phenomena driven by orientational order, active flows, and boundary interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of surface-attached active fluid drops beyond the thin-drop approximation.
  • To explore the range of stable shapes and internal flows in active drops.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of active fluid dynamics.
  • Examination of boundary conditions and active stress effects.

Main Results:

  • Surface-attached active drops display a rich variety of stable steady-state shapes and internal flows.
  • These states are dependent on specific boundary conditions and the magnitude of active stresses.

Conclusions:

  • Identified quantitative principles for predicting and controlling active drop states.
  • Provides design principles for developing next-generation active materials.