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Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: October 9, 2014

hnRNPM cooperates with BCAS2 to modulate alternative splicing during oocyte development.

Shumin Zhou¹, Dalin Liu¹, Shiming Gan²

¹Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Nature Communications

|February 12, 2026

Summary

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM) is crucial for mouse oocyte development and female fertility. Its absence causes meiotic arrest and infertility by disrupting alternative splicing regulation.

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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

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Published on: April 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Molecular genetics
RNA biology

Background:

Oocytes require maternal mRNA for development, but regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood.
Alternative splicing is vital for oocyte maturation and the maternal-to-zygotic transition.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify key regulators of alternative splicing in mouse oocytes.
To elucidate the role of hnRNPM in oocyte development and female fertility.

Main Methods:

Genetic ablation of hnRNPM in mice.
SCAN-seq to identify transcript isoforms and splicing events.
LACE-seq to map hnRNPM binding sites.
Co-immunoprecipitation to study protein interactions.

Main Results:

hnRNPM deficiency causes severe oocyte defects, meiotic arrest, and infertility.
hnRNPM regulates alternative splicing of numerous genes in oocytes.
hnRNPM binds pre-mRNA and interacts with BCAS2 to control splicing fidelity.

Conclusions:

hnRNPM is essential for mammalian oocyte development and female fertility.
hnRNPM plays a critical role in regulating alternative splicing networks during oogenesis.
This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for maternal mRNA fate in oocytes.