Dengue fever epidemic and public health implications in southern Iran

Dengue fever (DF) poses a significant global health risk, with an estimated 100-400 million infections annually. Recent outbreaks in the Eastern Mediterranean, including a notable surge in Iran in 2024, have raised concerns about local transmission dynamics, particularly in southern Iran. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological data on DF incidence in Bandar Abbas, with a focus on local transmission patterns and implications for public health strategies. This study analyzes a DF outbreak in Bandar Abbas, Iran, from 5 August to 5 October, 2025. Data were collected from healthcare facilities to assess the characteristics of DF cases, including demographics, clinical symptoms, and transmission patterns. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, while spatial distribution was mapped using ArcMap to visualise the epidemiological dynamics of the outbreak. During the study period, a total of 56 DF cases were identified, all cases were located in urban areas, primarily involving construction workers, many of whom were asymptomatic. The mean age of affected individuals was 36.52 years, with 63% being male. The most prevalent symptoms included headache (82.2%), body pain (71.1%), and muscle pain (64.4%). A significant portion of patients had no history of travel, while 29.4% reported recent travel to other regions. All patients recovered, with no fatalities recorded. This study highlights significant local transmission, indicating sustained spread in urban areas. Findings underscore the importance of rapid case detection and vector control, especially given Bandar Abbas's role as a major commercial hub. Additionally, emphasises the need for targeted public health interventions to address the emerging threat of DF in this high-risk area.