Investigation of pan-immune inflammatory value in patients with age-related macular degeneration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the systemic pan-immune inflammatory value (PIV) in wet and dry cases of age-related macular degeneration.

Patients diagnosed with AMD between 2020 and 2025 were retrospectively identified. The participants were divided into the wet AMD, dry AMD, and control groups. Their complete blood count (CBC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and C-reactive protein data were obtained. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, monocyte-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte, and neutrophil-to-HDL ratios were calculated. The PIV was calculated as follows: (neutrophil × platelet × monocyte/lymphocyte count). The central macular and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were measured manually from the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Of the 72 cases included in the study, 25 were wet AMD, 26 were dry AMD, and 21 were controls. According to the statistical analysis, the white blood cell count (7.89 ± 1.82 vs. 6.66 ± 1.75), neutrophil count (5.02 ± 1.42 10⁹/L vs. 4.11 ± 1.35 10⁹/L), monocyte count (0.64 ± 0.16 10⁹/L vs. 0.49 ± 0.18 10⁹/L), and PIV (414.31 ± 268.02 vs. 270.33 ± 161.84) were higher in the wet AMD group than in the dry AMD group. The monocyte count (0.64 ± 0.16 10⁹/L vs. 0.49 ± 0.17 10⁹/L) and PIV (414.31 ± 268.02 vs. 270.13 ± 127.84) were higher in the wet AMD cases than in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the dry AMD and control groups.

In our study, the PIV was statistically significantly higher in the wet AMD group than in the dry AMD and control groups. Obtaining CBC data is a highly cost-effective and practical method for calculating PIV. PIV calculation can be helpful in the follow-up of patients with AMD, especially those at high risk of converting from dry AMD to wet AMD.