The Influence of Process Parameters in Radial Ring Rolling on Steel Ring Ovalization

Rolling steel rings is a key manufacturing process for producing components with high strength and dimensional accuracy, used, among others, in the automotive, aerospace, and energy industries. The quality of the products depends on the process parameters that affect their mechanical and geometric properties. One significant quality issue is ovalization, i.e., deviation from the ideal circular shape, which can complicate further processing or assembly. Therefore, analyzing the influence of rolling parameters on ovalization is crucial for ensuring high product quality and minimizing material losses. The aim of the research presented in this article was to determine the influence of the most important parameters of the ring rolling process-namely, billet temperature, forming tool speed, and the position of the calibrating rollers-on the ovalization of the rings produced. The results indicate that, among the parameters studied, the position of the calibrating roller engaged by the rolled ring has the greatest impact on ovality. Ovalization of the forging decreases with an increase in feed speed and a decrease in billet temperature. Higher feed speeds provide a more stable rolling process, which promotes the achievement of a more circular ring geometry. Lower billet temperatures are associated with better material strength properties, making it less susceptible to deformation under inertial forces compared to higher initial billet temperatures. The study of the influence of calibrating roller positions on ovalization showed that it is possible to determine an optimal configuration in which deviation from the ideal circular shape is minimized. Determining the optimal process parameters allows for producing components without the need for large-dimensional tolerances. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were formulated regarding the influence of the investigated process parameters on the ovalization of the finished ring.