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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Double-Sided Illumination Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Using Direct Optical Discs.

Wisansaya Jaikeandee1, Asad Ullah Hil Gulib1, Taeyul Choi1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates that commercial optical discs can serve as cost-effective substrates for grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GC-SPR) sensors. Front-side illumination and silver coatings yield superior sensor performance compared to back-side illumination and copper coatings.

Keywords:
SP dispersiongrating-coupled plasmonic sensoroptical discsurface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors offer high sensitivity for detecting refractive index changes.
  • Fabricating SPR sensors often requires specialized and costly grating substrates.
  • Optical discs present a potential low-cost alternative for creating grating substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using commercial optical discs as substrates for grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GC-SPR) sensors.
  • To compare the performance of GC-SPR sensors fabricated on different types of optical discs (BD-R, DVD-R, CD-R).
  • To evaluate the impact of illumination geometry (front-side vs. back-side) and metal coating (silver vs. copper) on sensor performance.

Main Methods:

  • Optical discs (BD-R, DVD-R, CD-R) were utilized as grating substrates.
  • Silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) films were deposited onto the discs via magnetron sputtering to create plasmonic gratings.
  • Wavelength-modulated SPR spectroscopy was employed to measure plasmonic responses.
  • Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) was used for theoretical prediction of sensor behavior.

Main Results:

  • Ag-coated gratings exhibited sharper SPR resonances than Cu-coated gratings, which showed broader peaks due to higher damping.
  • Front-side illumination resulted in stronger and more reproducible SPR excitation compared to back-side illumination.
  • Refractive index sensitivities of 394, 321, and 290 nm/RIU were achieved using Ag-coated CD-R, BD-R, and DVD-R, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial optical discs are viable, low-cost substrates for GC-SPR sensors.
  • Sensor performance is significantly influenced by the choice of disc type, metal coating, and illumination strategy.
  • Front-side illumination and silver coatings are recommended for optimal SPR sensor performance using optical disc substrates.