In-Depth Analysis of the Prognostic Factors Associated with Short-Term Outcome in Equine Colic Patients: Multicentric
Irene Nocera1, Dania Cingottini1, Chiara Di Franco1
1Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Equine colic prognosis is complex, with older horses and specific colic types indicating poorer outcomes. Identifying risk factors like age and colic type is crucial for better equine colic management and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Equine Science
- Animal Health
Background:
- Colic is a common cause of equine morbidity and mortality.
- Previous studies on risk and prognostic factors for equine colic have yielded debated consensus.
- Identifying reliable prognostic indicators is essential for clinical decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate colic outcomes in horses referred to equine centers.
- To identify specific risk factors associated with negative colic outcomes in equids.
- To contribute to a clearer understanding of equine colic prognosis.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter retrospective study analyzing 236 equine clinical records.
- Data collected included history, signalment, physical examination, hematology, biochemistry, diagnosis, SIRS status/score, colic type, treatment, and outcome.
- Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess parameters associated with colic outcomes (p < 0.05).
Main Results:
- Age and colic type were significantly associated with negative outcomes (p < 0.001 for both).
- Univariate analysis suggested potential associations with sex, treatment type, SIRS score, age, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
- Poor outcomes correlated with advanced age, strangulating obstructive colic, elevated heart rate, SIRS status, and blood lactate levels.
Conclusions:
- Equine colic risk is multifactorial, with age and specific colic types being key prognostic indicators.
- Cardiovascular signs, SIRS status, and elevated lactate are linked to poorer colic outcomes.
- A multicenter approach with standardized protocols enhances the robustness and representativeness of findings in equine colic research.
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