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Gastric and Small-Intestinal Morphological Remodeling After Intragastric Apelin-13 Administration in Unweaned Rats.

Sylwia Szymańczyk1, Cezary Osiak-Wicha2, Katarzyna Kras2

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Early-life administration of apelin-13 peptide significantly altered the developing rat stomach and small intestine architecture. This peptide also modulated gut hormones like ghrelin and leptin, impacting appetite signaling.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Apelin is a peptide hormone crucial for postnatal gastrointestinal development.
  • Its specific effects on gut morphology, neural networks, and appetite-regulating hormones during early life are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chronic intragastric apelin-13 administration on the developing stomach and small intestine of unweaned rats.
  • To analyze changes in mucosal architecture, enteric nervous system, and expression of ghrelin and leptin.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar rat pups received intragastric apelin-13 or saline from postnatal day 10 for 14 days.
  • Histomorphometry, neurofilament immunohistochemistry, and quantitative hormone staining were performed on gastric and intestinal tissues.
  • Analysis included mucosal thickness, cell dimensions, ganglion structure, and ghrelin/leptin immunoreactivity.

Main Results:

  • Apelin-13 increased gastric mucosal thickness and gland height but decreased muscularis propria thickness.
  • The small intestine showed a proximal-to-distal gradient of changes, with altered villus-mucosa indices and crypt remodeling.
  • Apelin-13 modulated enteric ganglia structure and altered ghrelin and leptin immunoreactivity regionally.

Conclusions:

  • Early-life luminal exposure to apelin-13 significantly reshapes gastric and intestinal architecture in developing rats.
  • Apelin-13 influences the expression of key gut hormones involved in appetite regulation.
  • These findings highlight apelin's role in early gut development and hormonal signaling.