Genomic Signatures Underlying Environmental Adaptation and Reproductive Traits in the Tibetan Pig

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Animal Genetics
• Comparative Genomics

Background:

• Tibetan pigs possess high adaptability to harsh environments but exhibit suboptimal growth and reproductive performance.
• Understanding the genetic basis of these traits is crucial for improving breeding strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform a de novo genome assembly of the Tibetan pig.
• To identify genetic factors contributing to environmental adaptability and reproductive limitations in Tibetan pigs.
• To provide genomic resources for enhancing breeding efficiency.

Main Methods:

• De novo genome assembly using stLFR and ONT sequencing data.
• Comparative genomic analysis with the Duroc pig genome.
• Structural variant analysis and selective sweep analysis.
• Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome resequencing of Tibetan sows.

Main Results:

• A high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of the Tibetan pig was generated.
• Key adaptive genes (e.g., XIRP2, KSR2, COL11A1, ADORA2A) and genes associated with lipid metabolism were identified.
• SNPs and structural variants linked to reproductive traits (e.g., IL2RB, PRKAG2, SLIT2, BMP6) and growth were discovered.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a valuable genome resource for Tibetan pigs.
• Identified genetic factors offer targets for marker-assisted selection to improve reproductive traits and growth.
• Genomic strategies can enhance breeding efficiency while preserving the breed's unique adaptability.