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Morphological Analysis and Short-Term Evolution in Pulmonary Infarction Ultrasound Imaging: A Pilot Study
Chiara Cappiello1,2, Elisabetta Casto1,2, Alessandro Celi1,2
1Pulmonary Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Lung ultrasound (LUS) effectively tracks pulmonary infarction (PI) evolution in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). This safe, non-invasive imaging reveals changes in PI size and shape over time, aiding clinical management.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Ultrasound Technology
Background:
- Pulmonary infarction (PI) arises from pulmonary artery occlusion, causing lung tissue damage, often secondary to pulmonary embolism (PE).
- Peripheral PI location makes lung ultrasound (LUS) a potential diagnostic tool, though its sonographic characteristics and evolution require further study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the sonographic characteristics and short-term evolution of pulmonary infarction (PI) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) using lung ultrasound (LUS).
- To assess changes in PI morphology and size over time via serial LUS examinations.
Main Methods:
- A convenience sample of 14 acute PE patients with CT-confirmed PI underwent serial LUS at baseline (T0), 1 week (T1), and 4 weeks (T2).
- LUS focused on CT-identified lesion areas, supplemented by broader lung field exploration; convex and linear probes were used, with Color Doppler for vascularization assessment.
- Clinical data and LUS findings, including consolidation shape, size, and pleural effusion presence, were collected and analyzed over the follow-up period.
Main Results:
- Serial LUS demonstrated dynamic changes in PI consolidations, including disappearance and morphological alterations such as 'bubbly consolidation' at T1.
- A decrease in wedge/triangular shapes and an increase in elongated shapes (pleural thickening) were observed over time.
- Statistically significant reductions in consolidation size (short axes and mean diameters) were noted after four weeks; pleural effusion persisted in some cases.
Conclusions:
- LUS is a safe, non-invasive method for evaluating PI in PE patients, showing characteristic evolutions in lesion morphology and size.
- Serial LUS findings correlate with clinical presentation and can aid in managing patients with chest pain and dyspnea in emergency and clinical settings.
- Further research into the morphological spectrum of PI using LUS is warranted.
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