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Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Predictor for Osteoporosis Risk in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Abdalla M Abdelrahman1, Michael Edwar Farg1, Hanaa A Nofal2
1Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
Summary
The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) effectively predicts osteoporosis in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lower GNRI scores indicate a higher risk of reduced bone mineral density, aiding early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Osteoporosis is a significant complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- Malnutrition exacerbates bone loss, and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a tool for assessing nutritional status.
- Limited evidence exists on the GNRI's predictive value for osteoporosis in elderly T2DM patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between GNRI scores and osteoporosis in elderly T2DM patients.
- To determine the predictive performance of GNRI for osteoporosis in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study of 200 elderly T2DM patients.
- Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and calculation of GNRI scores.
- Correlation and ROC curve analysis to evaluate GNRI's predictive ability compared to age, BMI, and serum albumin.
Main Results:
- Osteoporosis was identified in 15% of the cohort.
- Patients with osteoporosis had significantly lower GNRI scores and BMD.
- GNRI demonstrated high predictive performance for osteoporosis (AUC=0.80 overall, higher in males).
Conclusions:
- The GNRI is a valuable tool for predicting osteoporosis in elderly T2DM patients.
- Lower GNRI scores correlate with reduced BMD, suggesting increased osteoporosis risk.
- Routine GNRI assessment can help identify high-risk individuals for early screening and intervention.
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