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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
Published on: June 7, 2018
Immune-Centered Cross-Talk Between Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment-Implications for Therapy
Eliza Turlej1, Aleksandra Domaradzka1, Rostyslav Koksharov1
1Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
None:
The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of various immune and non-immune cells, as well as cancer stem cells, plays a critical role not only in promoting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis but also in modulating therapeutic response. A wide range of therapeutic strategies targeting the TME are currently employed in cancer treatment, including standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapies, agents targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), cold atmospheric plasma therapy, and nanovaccines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the influence of the TME on cancer sensitivity to these therapies across all types of solid tumors.
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