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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Bioactive Polymer Composites for 3D-Printed Bone Implants: A Systematic Review.

Anastassiya Khrustaleva1, Dmitriy Khrustalev1, Azamat Yedrissov1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street 40, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Bioactive polymer composites for bone scaffolds show promise but lack multifunctionality and in vivo validation. Future research should focus on incorporating antimicrobial agents and bioactive molecules for enhanced regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:
3D printingadditive manufacturingbioactive compositesbioactive polymersbone tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Polymer-based bioactive composites are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Synthetic thermoplastic polymers like polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are widely used for load-bearing bone scaffolds.
  • Current research often uses hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioactive glass (BG) for osteoconductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify trends and knowledge gaps in bioactive polymer composites for bone tissue engineering.
  • Examine the translational relevance of materials design for load-bearing scaffolds.
  • Focus on synthetic thermoplastic polymers and additive manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliometric and content analysis of 546 publications (2016-2025).
  • Screening and selection of 106 relevant studies.
  • Analysis of research trajectories in bioactive composite materials.

Main Results:

  • Most studies use PLA or PCL composites with HA or BG, achieving osteoconductivity but limited multifunctionality.
  • Antimicrobial agents, ion-releasing components, and natural bioactive molecules are underrepresented.
  • Less than 20% of studies include in vivo validation, indicating a need for more preclinical research.

Conclusions:

  • Significant scope exists for enhancing bioactive polymer composites with multifunctionality.
  • Future research should prioritize incorporating diverse bioactive agents and increasing in vivo validation.
  • A structured framework is needed for designing next-generation bone tissue engineering materials.