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The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test
Published on: November 19, 2015
Perceived Social Support and Well-Being: Mediation and Buffering of the Stress-Depression Link in Rural Older Adults
Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-García1, Taniht Lisseth Cubas Romero1, Lis Paola Reyes Sánchez2
1Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Perú, Lima 15842, Peru.
Abstract:
Background/Objectives: Rural older adults are exposed to multiple chronic stressors that may heighten depressive symptoms, and these effects can be intensified by social disconnection, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study examined whether global and dimension-specific perceived social support-an indicator of perceived social connection-mediates and/or buffers the association between perceived stress and depressive symptoms in rural older adults from northern Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 166 community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years in a rural coastal district. Perceived stress (PSS-4), depressive symptoms (GDS-15), and perceived social support (MOS-SSS) were assessed. Regression-based mediation and moderation models with bootstrapped confidence intervals were estimated, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, income category, and chronic medical conditions. Results: Higher perceived stress was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Greater overall social support was associated with lower perceived stress and fewer depressive symptoms. Indirect effects supported a stress-process pathway for overall support, particularly socioemotional dimensions (positive social interaction and affectionate support). No buffering effect was observed for overall support; however, tangible (instrumental) support attenuated the association between stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Mediation analyses supported an indirect pathway linking perceived stress to depressive symptoms via socioemotional support, whereas tangible (instrumental) support moderated the stress-depression association. Interventions that strengthen social connectedness and practical assistance may help protect mental health in rural older adults.
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