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Baseline Sleep Literacy, Habits, and Perceptions Among Primary School Children: Foundations for a MAIEC-Guided

Pedro Melo1,2, Joana Bastos2, Paula Moreira2

  • 1School of Nursing, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study assessed sleep habits and knowledge in third graders before an intervention. Results show varied sleep hygiene and habits, highlighting areas for improvement to support children's mental health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Science
  • Community Health Interventions
  • Child Mental Health

Background:

  • Inadequate sleep hygiene is a modifiable risk factor for mental health issues in children.
  • This study is the baseline component of a quasi-experimental intervention using the MAIEC model.
  • Focuses on characterizing sleep habits, knowledge, and perceptions in primary school children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize sleep habits, sleep-hygiene knowledge, and sleep-related perceptions among third-grade children.
  • To establish a baseline for a community-based intervention aimed at improving sleep and mental health.
  • To identify modifiable sleep determinants linked to emotional regulation and mental health risk.

Main Methods:

  • Administered a structured questionnaire including the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ PT) to 40 children.
  • Calculated three composite indices: Sleep Literacy (SLI), Sleep Habits (SHI), and Sleep Symptoms and Perceptions (SSPI).
  • Compared baseline data between two primary school communities in northern Portugal.

Main Results:

  • Revealed heterogeneous sleep habits and variable sleep-hygiene knowledge among children.
  • Children in the experimental community showed higher scores across all indices.
  • No significant sex-based differences were found in sleep habits or knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Identified modifiable behavioral and knowledge-based sleep factors impacting mental health.
  • Baseline data provide a foundation for a MAIEC-based community intervention.
  • The intervention aims to promote healthy sleep and enhance mental health resilience in primary schools.

Keywords:
MAIECchild healthcommunity empowermentmental healthschool-based interventionsleep

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