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Post-COVID-19 Muscle Weakness and Recovery Patterns After Mild-to-Moderate Infection: A Retrospective Analysis of a

Ovidiu Cristian Chiriac1,2, Daniela Miricescu3, Raluca Mititelu4,5

  • 1Discipline of Balneophysiokinetotherapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Specific Disciplines, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

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Summary

Structured rehabilitation and standard care both improved post-COVID-19 muscle strength. While rehabilitation showed greater gains in older adults, differences were not statistically significant, suggesting natural recovery plays a key role.

Keywords:
COVID-19MRC scalemuscle strengthphysical therapypost-viral recoverystructured rehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Post-COVID-19 muscle weakness is a common sequela, stemming from inflammation, inactivity, and reduced functional reserve.
  • Mild to moderate COVID-19 cases frequently result in persistent muscle weakness, impacting recovery and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in global muscle strength using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale in adults recovering from mild/moderate COVID-19.
  • To compare muscle strength recovery between a structured two-week rehabilitation program and standard medical follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 193 adults post-mild/moderate COVID-19.
  • 160 participants in a structured rehabilitation program (study group) vs. 33 under standard care (control group).
  • Muscle strength assessed via MRC scale at baseline and follow-up; non-parametric statistical analyses employed.

Main Results:

  • Both groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements in muscle strength (p < 0.001 for rehabilitation, p = 0.005 for control).
  • The rehabilitation group showed numerically higher mean strength gains (ΔMRC 2.76) compared to the control group (ΔMRC 1.00).
  • Age-stratified analysis revealed greater strength gains in the rehabilitation group for individuals aged 60 and above; overall between-group differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term muscle strength improvements occur with both structured rehabilitation and standard follow-up, highlighting the impact of natural recovery.
  • Early, individualized rehabilitation shows potential functional value, particularly for older adults recovering from COVID-19.
  • Further adequately powered prospective studies are needed to confirm the incremental benefits of rehabilitation beyond spontaneous recovery.