Post-Quantum Revocable Linkable Ring Signature Scheme Based on SPHINCS+ for V2G Scenarios

Area of Science:

• Cybersecurity and Cryptography
• Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Integration
• Information Security

Background:

• Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) networks require secure transactions, but face privacy-security conflicts.
• Traditional cryptography is vulnerable to quantum computing, and existing signature schemes have key management and privacy issues.
• Revocation mechanisms often compromise user privacy in V2G networks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a post-quantum, revocable, and linkable ring signature scheme for V2G networks.
• To address the vulnerabilities of traditional cryptography and improve privacy-preserving transaction security.
• To resolve the contradiction between user privacy and transaction traceability in V2G systems.

Main Methods:

• Developed a scheme based on SPHINCS+, integrating WOTS+, FORS, and XMSS for stateless, post-quantum resistance.
• Introduced a novel 'real signature + pseudo-signature polynomially indistinguishable' mechanism for anonymity.
• Implemented a KEK-sharded collaborative revocation mechanism and forward-secure linkable tags using hash commitments.

Main Results:

• The proposed scheme is stateless, eliminating state management issues and resisting quantum attacks.
• Signer anonymity is ensured, mitigating risks associated with distinguishable pseudo-signatures.
• The scheme provides secure and anonymous V2G payments, satisfying post-quantum security, unforgeability, anonymity, linkability, unframeability, and forward secrecy.

Conclusions:

• The novel signature scheme effectively balances privacy protection and transaction security in V2G networks.
• It offers robust technical support for secure V2G payments in the quantum era.
• The scheme resolves key challenges in current V2G security, including quantum vulnerability and privacy leakage.