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Cattle Farming Activity Monitoring Using Advanced Deep Learning Approach.

Muhammad Asim1, Bareera Anam1, Muhammad Nadeem Ali1

  • 1Department of Software & Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Republic of Korea.

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|February 13, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a vision-based system for monitoring cattle behavior, overcoming limitations of traditional sensors. The computer vision approach accurately identifies fine-grained activities like estrus detection in dairy cows.

Keywords:
activity monitoringanimal welfarecameradairy cowdeep learningvideo

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Technology
  • Computer Vision
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Sensor-based cattle monitoring faces challenges including high costs, animal discomfort, and inaccurate measurements.
  • Existing methods often lack the granularity needed for precise health and estrus management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a vision-based cattle activity monitoring system.
  • To analyze fine-grained cattle behaviors including estrus detection using deep learning.
  • To compare the performance of YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 algorithms in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of overhead cameras on a commercial dairy farm to capture unconstrained herd behavior.
  • Creation of a custom dataset with 2956 images annotated into four behaviors: standing, lying, grazing, and estrus.
  • Application of deep learning algorithms (YOLOv8 and YOLOv9) for behavior classification.

Main Results:

  • YOLOv8-L achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 91.11%.
  • YOLOv9-E achieved a mAP of 90.23%.
  • The vision-based system demonstrated effectiveness in analyzing fine-grained cattle activities under variable farm conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Vision-based monitoring offers a viable alternative to sensor-based systems in cattle farming.
  • Deep learning models, particularly YOLOv8, show high accuracy in classifying detailed cattle behaviors for improved herd management and estrus detection.