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An Improved Two-Stage RARE Algorithm for Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Source Localization Under Unknown Mutual

Keyu Chen1, Ke Deng1, Jianguo Zhang1

  • 1Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

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|February 13, 2026
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The ITS-RARE algorithm accurately locates mixed far-field and near-field sources, even with unknown mutual coupling. This novel method improves source classification and estimation accuracy while reducing computational load.

Keywords:
DOARAREmixed sourcesmutual coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Signal Processing
  • Array Signal Processing
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Accurate source localization is crucial in various applications.
  • Existing methods struggle with mixed far-field/near-field sources and unknown mutual coupling.
  • Mutual coupling significantly degrades array performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an Improved Two-Stage Rank Reduction (ITS-RARE) algorithm.
  • To enable joint estimation of far-field (FF) source DOAs and mutual coupling factors without pre-calibration.
  • To achieve closed-form range estimation for near-field sources (NFSs) and reduce computational complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting eigenvectors for rank reduction to identify mutual coupling coefficients.
  • Joint estimation of FF source DOAs and mutual coupling factors.
  • Covariance Matrix Reconstruction (CMR) for preserving full array aperture during FF/NF source classification.
  • Closed-form range estimation for NFSs.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved joint estimation of FF source DOAs and mutual coupling factors.
  • Enabled accurate closed-form range estimation for NFSs.
  • Significantly reduced computational complexity compared to existing algorithms.
  • Preserved full array aperture, enhancing estimation accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The ITS-RARE algorithm offers a computationally efficient and effective solution for localizing mixed FF/NF sources.
  • The method accurately estimates DOAs and ranges while handling unknown mutual coupling.
  • Preserving the effective array aperture leads to improved localization accuracy.