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A Survey of AI-Enabled Predictive Maintenance for Railway Infrastructure: Models, Data Sources, and Research
Francisco Javier Bris-Peñalver1,2, Randy Verdecia-Peña2,3, José I Alonso2,4
1Directorate of Maintenance and Conservation, Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), 28020 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances railway maintenance through condition-based strategies. This survey reviews AI techniques for railway infrastructure, improving safety and efficiency in intelligent maintenance ecosystems.
Area of Science:
- Railway Engineering
- Artificial Intelligence
- Sustainable Mobility
Background:
- Digitalization accelerates condition-based maintenance (CBM) in rail transport.
- Current maintenance is often reactive, limiting safety and optimization.
- AI offers advanced solutions for railway infrastructure upkeep.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review AI techniques for railway maintenance.
- To analyze machine learning and deep learning applications in this domain.
- To identify challenges and opportunities for intelligent railway maintenance.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of AI applications in preventive, predictive, and prescriptive maintenance.
- Analysis of machine learning and deep learning models (e.g., neural networks, SVMs, random forests).
- Evaluation of AI applied to track geometry, vibration, and imaging data.
Main Results:
- AI techniques show promise in enhancing railway maintenance.
- Dominant data sources and feature engineering methods were identified.
- Research gaps include data quality, generalization, robustness, and integration.
Conclusions:
- AI is crucial for autonomous railway infrastructure management.
- Emerging areas like Digital Twins and edge AI are key.
- This survey guides future research and standardization in intelligent railway maintenance.
Keywords:
artificial intelligencedeep learningdigital twininfrastructuremachine learningmaintenancepredictive maintenanceprescriptive maintenancerailwaysMore Related Videos
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