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WoR⁺ Ontology: Modeling Data and Services in Web Connected Environments.

Lara Kallab¹, Khouloud Salameh², Richard Chbeir³

¹XP3R Inc., Santa Ana, CA 92785, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 13, 2026

Summary

The Web of Resources (WoR+) ontology enhances the Web of Things (WoT) by enabling seamless discovery, selection, and composition of IoT data and services through a unified vocabulary and reasoning capabilities.

Keywords:

Web connected environment Web resource composition data ontology semantic Web modeling service

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Semantic Web Technologies
Internet of Things

Background:

The Web of Things (WoT) standards by W3C aim for interoperability across diverse Internet of Things (IoT) platforms.
Effective resource description is crucial for syntactic and semantic interoperability in heterogeneous IoT environments.
Existing methods may lack a unified, dynamic knowledge representation for Web-connected resources.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce WoR+, a novel ontology for describing Web resources within the Web of Things.
To provide a modular and unified vocabulary for representing Web services and Web data.
To enhance the discovery, selection, composition, and reasoning capabilities for IoT resources.

Main Methods:

Development of WoR+, a Web of Resources ontology.
Utilizing a modular and unified vocabulary for resource description.
Incorporating reasoning capabilities for knowledge inference.

Main Results:

WoR+ supports efficient discovery, selection, and composition of data and services.
The ontology enables inferring new knowledge through reasoning.
Experimental evaluation demonstrated high effectiveness, performance, clarity, and consistency of WoR+.

Conclusions:

WoR+ effectively addresses the need for a unified knowledge representation in the Web of Things.
The ontology facilitates enhanced interoperability and resource management in IoT ecosystems.
WoR+ is extensible and adaptable to evolving domain requirements.