Ultra-Sensitive Mutation Detection Technology in Myeloid Neoplasms: New Tools for Patient Monitoring

The clinical management of myeloid neoplasms increasingly relies on the accurate detection and longitudinal monitoring of disease-defining genetic alterations. Many clinically relevant mutations are often present at very low variant allele frequencies, below the detection limits of conventional approaches routinely used in diagnostic workflows. In recent years, a growing number of ultra-sensitive molecular technologies have been developed to overcome these limitations, enabling the detection of rare variants with unprecedented precision, offering complementary strengths in terms of sensitivity, quantification, throughput, and clinical applicability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of established and emerging ultra-sensitive technologies for the diagnosis and molecular monitoring of myeloid neoplasms, discussing their technical principles, advantages, and limitations.